Comprehensive Review of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: From Pathogenesis to Cutting-Edge Therapies | ||
| The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine | ||
| Article 105, Volume 98, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 729-733 PDF (278.66 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejhm.2025.411571 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening cardiovascular emergency resulting from acute coronary artery occlusion. Despite advances in early diagnosis and treatment, STEMI remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid identification and timely reperfusion therapy are critical to reducing myocardial damage and improving clinical outcomes. Objective: This review aims to provide an updated overview of STEMI pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and evolving management approaches, emphasizing novel biomarkers, advanced imaging modalities, and contemporary reperfusion therapies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as "ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction", "primary percutaneous coronary intervention", "reperfusion therapy", "cardiac biomarkers", and "advanced imaging techniques". Recent peer-reviewed articles published in high-impact journals were analyzed, focusing on diagnostic innovations, PCI advancements, and adjunct pharmacological therapies. Conclusion: Primary PCI remains the gold standard for STEMI management, offering superior outcomes compared to fibrinolysis. The integration of trans-radial intervention, next-generation drug-eluting stents, and tailored antithrombotic strategies has further improved procedural success. Additionally, emerging biomarkers and advanced imaging modalities provide valuable prognostic insights. Future research should focus on optimizing reperfusion strategies, reducing procedural delays, and enhancing risk stratification to improve long-term survival and cardiac function in STEMI patients. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| STEMI; Primary PCI; Reperfusion Therapy; Cardiac Biomarkers; Advanced Imaging | ||
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