Correspondence between Epstein Barr Virus infection and Programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer patients | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology | ||
| Volume 34, Issue 3, July 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review articles | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.369112.1525 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Amira E. Elzalouey* 1; Sanaa Mohei El-dien1; Sahar T. Mohamed2; Doaa T. Masallat1; Ahmed M. Othman3 | ||
| 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University and Horus University, Mansoura, Egypt | ||
| 3Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Worldwide, bladder cancer (BC) remains a substantial health challenge, with immune system interactions having an important role in its pathogenesis and progression. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been related to several malignancies, yet its role in BC is not well-understood. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint molecule, has the ability to contribute to tumour immune evasion and has become a major target for immunotherapy. This review explores the potential association between EBV infection, bladder cancer, and the expression of PD-L1. We summarize current evidence on EBV’s oncogenic mechanisms, its potential involvement in bladder carcinogenesis, and its influence on PD-L1 regulation. Additionally, we discuss the implications of EBV-associated immune modulation in BC and its potential impact on immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the interplay between EBV, BC, and PD-L1 may provide new insights into tumour immune escape mechanisms and novel therapies, ultimately improving patient outcomes. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Epstein Barr Virus; Bladder cancer; Programmed death ligand 1 | ||
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