Genetically diversity of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from clinical samples with respect to their antibiotic sensitivity patten | ||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 April 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.349597.2430 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Poonamrani Mishra1; Alisha Sinha2, 3; Debasish Sahoo1; Mahesh Chandra Sahu* 4 | ||
| 1Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India | ||
| 2Division of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India | ||
| 33Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India | ||
| 4Division of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen increasingly associated with multidrug resistance (MDR), with 94% of isolates resistant to at least three antibiotic classes, posing serious clinical challenges. This study examined antibiotic resistance patterns and genetic diversity of E. cloacae isolates using antibiotic susceptibility testing, ISSR-PCR, and phylogenetic analysis. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility of 17 E. cloacae isolates was tested against antibiotics, including cefepime (CFP), meropenem (ME), imipenem (IM), aztreonam (AZ), and ampicillin (AMP). Genetic diversity was assessed using 19 ISSR primers. Phylogenetic analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) correlated genetic relationships with resistance patterns. Statistical tests, including Spearman correlation, Chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis, validated associations between genetic clusters and resistance profiles. Results: MDR prevalence was high (94%), with resistance to CFP, ME, IM, AZ, AMP, and aminoglycosides. Polymyxin B (35%) showed the least resistance. Isolate S631 was most susceptible, whereas S503, S508, S511, and S512 exhibited extensive MDR. ISSR-PCR revealed high genetic polymorphism, with ISSR 15, ISSR 7, and ISSR 5 yielding the most distinctive bands. Phylogenetic analysis grouped genetically similar isolates (S355, S507, S506, and S511) with comparable resistance profiles, while S631 was highly divergent. PCA confirmed genetic variability, and Spearman correlation (r = 0.7071, p = 0.1817) supported a moderate relationship between genetic similarity and resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the alarming MDR prevalence (94%) in E. cloacae and the role of ISSR-PCR and phylogenetics in understanding genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms. Findings advocate for enhanced antibiotic stewardship, surveillance, and novel therapeutic strategies to combat MDR E. cloacae infections. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Enterobacter cloacae; ISSR-PCR; Genetic diversity; Nosocomial infections; Multi drug resistance (MDR) | ||
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