SURVEY OF SOME HETEROPTEROUS INSECTS IN LIBYA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Journal of Productivity and Development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Article 15, Volume 14, Issue 3, August 2009, Pages 747-758 PDF (339.04 K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Document Type: Original Article | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpd.2009.44731 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Author | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Moftah Soleman El-Meghrabi* | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| El-Meghrabi Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From 2001 to 07, research was carried out to investigate the composition of the Heteroptera fauna in Libya. Many types of soil were involved, viz., semi desert, desert and agricultural land, on various grown crops were grown. It appeared that Heteroptera fauna were 91 species, classified into 18 families of them 40 species are recorded in Libya for the first time. As these species have a wide ecological range they are capable to adapting themselves quite well to the changing environmental factors which results from the various cultivation methods. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Heteroptera; insects; Libya; Host plants; Distribution; Survey | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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SURVEY OF SOME HETEROPTEROUS INSECTS IN LIBYA Moftah Soleman El-Meghrabi Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya
ABSTRACT From 2001 to 07, research was carried out to investigate the composition of the Heteroptera fauna in Libya. Many types of soil were involved, viz., semi desert, desert and agricultural land, on various grown crops were grown. It appeared that Heteroptera fauna were 91 species, classified into 18 families of them 40 species are recorded in Libya for the first time. As these species have a wide ecological range they are capable to adapting themselves quite well to the changing environmental factors which results from the various cultivation methods. Key words: Heteroptera, Insects, Libya, Host plants, Distribution, Survey.
INTRODUCTION The Heteroptera of Libya have been very poorly studied and are known only from a few faunal lists; the first list was published by Zavattari (1934). Damiano (1961) listed 7 species of Heteroptera and out of these only 5 species were found in Libya. Later, Linnavuori (1965) made a contribution to the hemipterous fauna of Libya. From time to time, a few species were described by various authors among whom, Hessein (1978) who collected four species from Tripoli. The order Heteroptera is a very important one in regard to man’s welfare. Among its members are many of our serious pests such as the stink bug, squash bug, chinch bug. Also, this order contains some of our very valuable allies such as, the Damsel bugs, that predate on many different types of insects. The order Heteroptera are characterized by prognathous mouth parts, which is used for piercing and sucking; in the winged members, the fore wings usually sclerotized basally and membranous epically. The first comprehensive family-group classification of the Heteroptera was published by Amyot and Serville (1843), their Histoire naturelle des insects Hemipteres, Modern textbook authors such as Borror, and De-Long, (1978), andRichard and Davies (1977) have argued that the Heteroptera should be called Hemiptera .The most basic catalogs are in he form of checklists (Oshanin, 1912; China, and Miller,1959; Maldonado Capriles, 1990;Lethierry & Severin, 1893). A great number of classifications papers have proposed for the Heteroptera (Henry, 1997; Hoberlandt,1953; Carapezza, 1999 and Carapezza, 2002)
MATERIALS AND METHODS Many localities representing different types of habitats (Semi desert, desert, agricultural land) in Libya were surveyed for Heterotopous dwelling insects. The survey was continued for seven years starting from early January 2001 until late December 2007. The adults of Heteroptera species appear on many plants in spring soon after the foliage is out; they may be collected by hand, by a sweeping net or sheet-screen (90cm in diameter) with 15 cm wood handle while they rest on the host plants, and by beating the plants by a wooden stick (80 cm in length) then the falling insects are taken by hand or by soft forceps. The collected specimens were killed in KCN bottles, then pinned or mounted on cards, labeled and prepared for taxonomic studies. The identification for determining the specimen of Heteroptera is based on various sources, especially on that found in The Biology of the Heteroptera (Miller, 1956 and 1971), a review of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera by Priesner and Alfieri (1953) and True bugs of the world (Hemiptera : Heteroptera), classification and natural History by Schuh and Slater (1995). The taxonomic study of the order Heteroptera in Libya was carried out by examining the specimens collected during the present work as well as the specimens kept in the main Egyptian refernce collections .These collecions are: 1- Collection of Ain-Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department. 2- Collection of Cairo University ,Faculty of Science, Entomology Department. 3- Collection of the Entomological Society of Egypt.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Different methods were used to collect insects, by hand, a sweeping net or sheet-screen, The collected species were gathered during early January 2001 until late December 2007 by all this methods. The species with an asterisk * are firstly recorded from Libya.
DISCUSSION
Results of the present study indicated that the order Heteroptera is widely distributed in Libya. The study revealed the presence of 91 species in Libya, belonging to 18 families. The following species are firstly recorded in Libya. They are:Canthophorus impressus Horvath, Adomerus biguttatus (L.), Legnotus limbosus (Geoffroy), Tritomegas sexmaculates Rambur, Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (L.), Perillus bioculatus Stal, Acrosternum (Chinavia) bergroth (Horvath), Aelia (Chinavia) emmerezi (Shouteden), A. punctiventris Horvath, A. acuminate, Carpocoris mediterraneus a. Tamanini, C. pudicus (Poda), Chroantha ornatula (H-S), Codophila maculicollis (Dallas), Eurydema ornatum (L), Nezara viridula var torquata (F), Putonia torrida Stal, Ventocoris (Paraselenodera ) martini Horvath, V.( Selenodera ) obesus (Stal), V. (Paraselenodera ) oblongus ( Horvath), V.( Selenodera ) productus ( Jakovlev ), Eurgaster maura (L.), Odontotarsus robustus Jak, O. caudatus (Burm), Coranus aegyptius (F.), Deraocoris (Deraeocoris) eremicus LV, D. (Deraeocoris) trifasciatus (L), Horistus orientalis (Gmelin), Horvathiolus superbus ( Pollich), H. persimilis Horvath, Rhopalus parumpunctatus (Schilling), R. subrufus (Gml), Camptopus lateralis (Germ),Euthetus sabulicola Lindberg, Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.), Nabis viridis Brulle, Dicranocephalus setulosus (Ferrari ), Notonecta maculata F, Sigara hoggarica Poisson,and Berytinus hirticornis ( Brulle ). Their wide range of distribution may be attributed to favorable climatic conditions which aid the insects to be established and widely distributed. Also, the presence of many suitable habitats may provide suitable environments for breeding and hiding from their enemies. Absence of control measures helps in the increase in prevalence of these Insects. The members of this order very greatly in their habits, some are generally plant feeders, sucking juices and have a distinct preference for immature fruits and seeds. Others are predaceous in their feeding habits on a wide variety of other insects by sucking their blood. Conclusively, the survey of the order Heteroptera in Libya, during the period extended from January 2001 until late December 2007, covering a variety of different ecological habitats. The taxonomic study of the order Heteroptera in Libya was carried out by examining the specimens collected during the resent work. Phytophagous insects in general and many species in particular are superbly suited to using these crops as food plants. Many species only become pests when their preferred food plant suddenly become abundant and many others have switched from wild plant species to cultivated ones. It appeared that Heteroptera fauna were 91 species, classified into 18 families from them 40 species are recorded in Libya for the first time.
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حصر بعض أنواع حشرات غیر متجانسة الأجنحة فی لیبیا مفتاح سلیمان المغربی قسم الحیوان - کلیه العلوم-جامعه قاریونس – لیبیا أجریت هذه الدراسة علی رتبةغیر متجانسة الأجنحة الموجودة فی لیبیا خلال الفترة من ینایر2001 حتى أخر دیسمبر2007.شامله أنواع عدیدة من البیئات منها الصحراویة، وشبهه الصحراویة، وأراضى زراعیه منزرعة بمحاصیل مختلفة.وقد أوضحت الدراسة أن أنواع الحشرات غیر متجانسة الأجنحة التی تم الحصول علیها 91نوعا تتبع 18 عائله منها 40 نوع تسجل لأول مره فی لیبیا، ولان هذه الأنواع لها مدى بیئی واسع فانها قادرة على تکییف أنفسها وفقا لتغییر العوامل البیئیة الناتجة من طرق الزراعة المختلفة. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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