هيرون السکندرى ونقود معبد تيبتونيس "دراسة لتطور صندوق تکريس النقود θησαυρός فى مصر خلال العصرين البطلمى والرومانى"

 

أولاً: المصادر الأدبیة والوثائقیة:

-         Barney, Stephen, et al. The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006, XV.1.16. 

-         Hero, of Alexandria: Herons von Alexandria Druckwerke und Automatentheater = Pneumatica et automata / (Lipsiae : Teubner, 1899).

-         Schmidt, Moritz. Hesychii Alexandrini lexicon, Sumptibus Hermanni Dufftii (Libraria Maukiana), Harvard University, 1867.

وقد اعتمدت الباحثة فى النصوص الیونانیة واللاتینیة التالیة على الموقع التالى: 

Perseus Digital Library, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/

کما اتبعت الباحثة الاختصارات الواردة فى قاموس:

Hornblower (S.) & Spawforth (A.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2012.

Ar. (Aristophanes),	Av.( Aves)
Cic (Cicero Marcus Tullius),	Div. (De divination)
Curt.( Q. Curtius Rufus)	Historiae Alexandri Magni
Hes (Hesiod),	Op. (Opera et Dies)
Paus. (Pausanias)	Ἑλλάδος Περιήγησις
Plut. (Plutarch)	De Soll. an. (De sollertia animalium)
Sal.( Sallust)	Iug. (Bellum Iugurthinum)
Strab. (Strabo)	Geography
Verg (Virgil)	G. (Georgics)

مجموعات النقوش:

Digesta= Digest of Justinian

https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/justinian/digest41.shtml

وقد اعتمدت الباحثة على الموقع التالى بالنسبة للنقوش التالیة:

https://inscriptions.packhum.org/regions/648

-         I Eleus = Eleusis. The Inscriptions on Stone. IA Text. IB Plates. II Commentary
K. Clinton ed. 2005 (I) and 2008 (II), Greek Archaeological Society - Athens

-         IGII² = Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno posteriors. (Attic Inscriptions after the year of Eucleides).

-         IG XI,4 Inscriptiones Graecae XI. Inscriptiones Deli, fasc. 4, ed. Pierre Roussel. Berlin 1914.

-         IG XII,3 Inscriptiones Graecae, XII. Inscriptiones insularum maris Aegaei praeter Delum, 3.

-         IOropos = Pterakos, V.C. οἵ ἐπιγραφές τοῦ Ωρωποῦ.

-         SEG = Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum.

کما اعتمدت الباحثة على الموقع التالى بالنسبة للبردى والأوستراکا:

https://papyri.info/

-         O.Bodl = Greek Ostraca in the Bodleian Library at Oxford and Various Other Collections.

-         P.Ryl. = Catalogue of the Greek and Latin Papyri in the John Rylands Library, Manchester. Manchester.

-         UPZ = Urkunden der Ptolemäerzeit (ältere Funde), ed. U. Wilcken.

-         P. Petaus = Das Archiv des Petaus, ed. U. Hagedorn, D. Hagedorn, L.C. Youtie and H.C. Youtie. Opladen 1969. 

-         SB. = Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten.

ثانیا: المراجع الأجنبیة:

-         Bland, Roger. Coin Hoards and Hoarding in Roman Britain AD 43–c.498, A British Numismatic Society Publication (British Numismatic Society Special Publications), Spink & Son Ltd., London, 2018.

-         Boas, Marie. “Hero's Pneumatica: A Study of Its Transmission and Influence”, The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Feb., 1949), pp. 38-48.

-         Bur, Tatiana. Mechanical Miracles: Automata in Ancient Greek Religion, A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney, March, 2016.

-         Burgin, Mark. Theory of Information: Fundamentality, Diversity and Unification, World Scientific, New Jersey, 2010.

-         Burnett, Andrew. “The Rise and Fall of the Roman "Sestertius" at Alexandria”, Rivista Svizzera di Numismatica, Band (Jahr): 88, 2009, pp. 225-243.

-         Clarysse, willy. “Egyptian Temples and Priests: Graeco-Roman”, In; A Companion to Ancient Egypt, ed. Lioyd, A.B., Malden, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp.274-290.

-         Crawford, Michael. “Coin Hoards and the Pattern of Violence in the Late Republic”, Papers of the British School at Rome, Vol. 37, 1969, pp. 76-81.

-         Curta, Florin & Gandila, Andrei. “Hoards and Hoarding Patterns in the Early Byzantine Balkans”, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 65/66, 2011-2012, pp. 45-111.

-         Drachman, Aage. “Heron and Ptolemaios”, Centaurus, 1, 1950, pp. 117–131.

-         Dunand, ‎ Françoise & Zivie-Coche, Christiane. Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE, Translated by Lorton, David, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2004, p.294.

-         Edgar, Campbell Cowan. “A Thesaurus in the Museum of Cairo”, Zeitschrift fiir Dgyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, 40, 1902-3, pp.140-1. 

-         Edgar, Campbell Cowan. “Report on an Excavation at Toukh el-Qaramous,” Annales du Servicedes Antiquités de l'Egypte, 7, 1906, pp. 205–12.

-         Elmaghrabi, Mohamed Gaber. “Dedication to Zeus Helios Megas Sarapis on a gazophylakion from Alexandria”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , 200, 2016, pp. 219-228.

-         Faucher, Thomas, et al. “Un Atelier Monétaire à Karnak au IIe s. av. J.-C.”, Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 111, 2012, pp.146-166.

-         Frankfurter, David. Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, p.99.

-         Frend, William Hugh Clifford. “Qasr Ibrim 1974: The Coins”, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 90 (2004), pp. 167-192. 

-         Galuzina, Maria.  The God Sobek in Ptolemaic and Roman Times. A Confrontation of the Cult of Sobek in Krokodilopolis and Kom Ombo, Bachelor's Thesis, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Filozofická fakulta, 2016.

-         Glomb, Tomáš. Impact of Factors Involved in the Early Spread of the Isiac Cults Across the Aegean Sea: A Quantitative Evaluation, Ph.D. Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts, Brno, 2018.

-         Graeven, Hans. “Die Thonerne Sparbüchse im Altertum”, Jahrbuch des Kaiserlichen Deutschen Archáologischen Instituts, 16, 1901, pp. 160-189.

-         Hollinshead, Mary. “ "Adyton," "Opisthodomos," and the Inner Room of the Greek Temple”, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 68, No. 2, Apr. - Jun., 1999, pp. 189-218.

-         Kaminski, Gabriele Marianne. “Thesauros Untersuchungen zum antiken Opferstock”, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts, 106, 1991, 63-181.

-         Katelijn, Vandorpe. “Paying Taxes to the Thesauroi of the Pathyrites in a Century of Rebellion (186-88 BC)”, Studia Hellenistica. 36 (Leuven, 2000) pp. 405-436.

-         Keyser, Paul. “Suetonius "Nero" 41. 2 and the Date of Heron Mechanicus of Alexandria”, Classical Philology, Vol. 83, No. 3, Jul., 1988, pp. 218-220.

-         Lanciers, Eddy. “The Isis Cult in Western Thebes in the Graeco-Roman Period”, Chronique d'Égypte, Part II, 2015, pp.379-405.

-         Lorber, Catharine. “Face Values of Ptolemaic Bronze Coins of the Second Century BC”, https://independent.academia.edu/CLorber

-         Lykke, Anne. “Ritualizing the Use of Coins in Ancient Greek Sanctuaries”, Journal of Ancient History, 5(2), 2017, pp. 205-227. https://doi.org/-10.1515/jah-2017-0010

-         Masià, Ramon. “On Dating Hero of Alexandria”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 69, 2015, pp. 231–255.

-         Meadows, Andrew. “Bronze Coins from Excavations in Alexandria”, Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 51 (2014) 229-239.

-         Melfi, Milena. “Religion and Society in Early Roman Corinth: A Forgotten Coin Hoard and the Sanctuary of Asklepios”, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 83, No. 4 , 2014, pp. 747-776.

-         Michael H. Crawford. “Thesauri, Hoards and Votive Deposits”, In: Sanctuaires et sources dans l’antiquité, edited by Cazenove, Olivier de and Scheid, John. Naples: Centre Jean Bérard, 2003, pp. 69–94.

-         Michaélidis, Georges. “Cassette d'un Prêtre Quêteur d'Asclépios - Imhotep (?)”, Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte, 55, 1958, pp.191-197.

-         Milne, Joseph Grafton. “Alexandrian Tetradrachms of Tiberius”, The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 10, 1910, pp. 333-339. 

-         ……………………….. “Report on Coins Found at Tebtunis in 1900”, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 21, No. 2, Dec., 1935, pp. 210-212.

-         ……………………….. “The Ṭūkh El-Ḳarāmūṣ Gold Hoard”, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 27, 1941, pp. 135-137.

-         Monson, Andrew. “Priests of Soknebtunis and Sokonopis: P. BM EA 10647”, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 92 (2006), pp. 205-216.

-         Neugebauer, Otto. “Über eine Methode zur Distanzbestimmung Alexandria – Rom bei Heron”, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 26(2), 1938, pp. 21–24.

-         Omran, Wahid. “The Egyptian and the Hellenistic Characteristics of the Asklepieion”, Journal of Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Vol.8, Issue 2, 2014, 70-112.

-         Pafford, Isabelle Ann. Cult fees and the ritual of money in Greek sanctuaries of the Classical and Hellenistic period, PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2006.

-         Papadopoulos, Evangelos. “Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–85 AD)”, In: Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies, Part 3, Ceccarelli, Marco (Ed.), University of Cassino and South Latium, Italy, 2007, pp. 217-245.

-         Picard, Oliver. “A la Recherche du Pentadrachme d’Héron d’Alexandrie”, In: D. Gerin, M. Amandry, and A. Geissen, eds. Aegyptiaca Serta in Soheir Bakhoum memoriam. Milan, 2008, pp. 33–39.

-         Psalti, Nansy. “Paying the Gods”, In: Money Tangible Symbols in Ancient Greece, edited by: Stampolidis, Nicholas, Tsangari, Dimitra & Tassoulas, Yorgos, Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens, 2017.

-         Raj, Marguerite Hirt. Medecine et Malades de l'Egypte Romaine, Etude Socio-Legale de la profession Medicale et de Sesparticiens du Ier au IVe siècle ap. J.C, Leiden, 2006.

-         Ranucci, Samuele. “A Stone Thesaurus with a Votive Coin Deposit Found in the Sanctuary of Campo della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii),” Proceedings of the XIV International Numismatic Congress, Glasgow, 2011, pp. 954-963.

-         Sassu, Rita. “Sanctuary and Economics. The Case of the Athenian Acropolis”, In: Mediterraneo Antico. Economie Società Culture, XIII, 1-2, 2010, pp. 247-262.

-         Stadler, Martin Andreas. “Evidence from Temple Scriptoria and Christian Hagiographies”, In: The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt, edited by: Riggs, Christina, Oxford, Oxford University, 2012, pp.457-473.

-         Suk Fong, Jim. Theodora. Sharing with the Gods: Aparchai and Dekatai in Ancient Greece, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.

-         Verhoogt, Arthur. Menches, komogrammateus of Kerkeosiris : the Doings and Dealings of a Village Scribe in the late Ptolemaic Period (120-110 B.C.), Brill, Leiden, New York, 1998.

-         Vermeule, Cornelius. “A Ptolemaic Contribution Box in Boston”, Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society), Vol. 10, 1962, pp.77-80.

ثالثا: المراجع العربیة

-        محمد البرمشاوى، أسماء.  قریة بطولیمایس هرموس (اللاهون) فی إقلیم أرسینوى (الفیوم) خلال العصرین  الیونانی والرومانى: دراسة تاریخیة من خلال الوثائق البردیة، رسالة دکتوراة غیر منشورة، کلیة الآداب، جامعة الأسکندریة، 2017.

رابعـا: القـوامــیـــس:

-         Charlton, Lewis & Charles Short, A New Latin Dictionary, Harper & Brothers, New York/Oxford, 1891. 

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=primis&la=la#lexicon

-         Laurin, Joseph. Lexicon and Atlas of the Modern World Coinciding with the Ancient Greek World,  AuthorHouse, United States, 2013, s.v. Thasos.

-         Liddell, Henry, Scott, Robert, and Jones, Henry Stuart. A Greek- English Lexicon, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=hrmios&la=greek#lexicon

-         Thayer, Joseph Henry, Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, American Book Company, NewYork, 1828.