Trial of Using Germanium Biotite as Immune Stimulant to Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine in Cattle | ||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||
| Article 2, Volume 3, Issue 1, July 2018, Pages 12-25 PDF (325.03 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2018.62721 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ehab E. Ibrahim* ; Mossad W.G.; Gamil M. A. | ||
| Department of Foot and Mouth Disease, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study was established in order to investigate the effect of feeding of germanium biotite (GB) on the immune response of vaccinated calves to FMD trivalent oil vaccine. The study was carried out on two levels: an experimental level followed by field application level. Experimental level applied on 30 calves divided into six groups where group (1) was vaccinated with the trivalent oil FMD vaccine only while groups (2, 3, 4 and 5) were fed two weeks pre vaccination with 1, 2, 3 and 4 gram/100kgm body weight germanium biotite (% B.wt. GB) respectively and group (6) was left as a negative control group. The humoral response of calves were determined by serum neutralization test (SNT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while the cellular immune response were detected by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay, phagocytic activity beside estimation the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-12. The protective antibody titer in the non-fed vaccinated group and the 1% B.wt. GB feed group extend till 32 weeks post vaccination, while in the 2% B.wt. GB feed group it was extended to 34 week post vaccination. The longest immune duration was achieved in the 3 and 4% B.wt. GB feed group as the protective antibodies extended till 36 week post vaccination. The results of cellular immunity showed the peak of lymphocyte blastogenesis and IL-6 appear earlier at 7 day post vaccination in 3% and 4% B.wt. GB feed groups than the other groups, the phagocytic percentage, phagocytic index and IL-12 peak was achieved earlier at 14 days post vaccination in 3% and 4% B.wt. GB feed groups than the other groups. There is no difference between the 3% and 4% B.wt. GB feeding groups. Field application on 50 calves feed on 3% B.wt. GB 2 weeks before vaccination with trivalent FMD oil vaccine confirm the above results. So it could be concluded that ingestion of GB has a potentiate effect on the immune response of cattle to the trivalent oil FMD vaccine providing high protective antibody levels of rapid onset and long duration when administrated 2 week pre-vaccination with a concentration 3% B.wt. GB. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Germanium biotite; trivalent FMD oil vaccine; cattle; Immune Response | ||
| References | ||
|
ABD EL- RAHMAN, A.O. FARAG, M.A. EL- KILANY, S. ALI, S.M. AND YAZED, M.A. 2006. Isolation and identification of serotype O of foot and mouth disease virus from imported bulls and its correlation to the current used vaccine strain O1/3/1993. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference Vetrinary Research Division. NRC, Cairo, Egypt. p91-100.
ABD EL-ATY, S.M. FAKRY, H.M. HIND, M.D. EL-SAYED, E.I. WAEL M.G. RIZK, S.A. ABU-ELNAGA, H. MOHAMED, A.A. ABD EL-KREEM, A. AND FAROUK E.M. 2013. Isolation and Molecular characterization of foot and mouth disease sat2 virus during outbreak 2012 in Egypt. J. Vet. Adv. 3(2): 60-68.
AMADORI M, BERNERI C, ARCHETTI IL 1994. Immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus grown in BHK-21 suspension cells. Correlation with cell ploidy alterations and abnormal expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. Vaccine 12: 159–166.
ANTLEY, P.P. AND HAZEN, K.C. 1988. Role of yeast cell growth temperature on Candida albicans virulence in mice. Immunology Journal, 56: 2884-90.
AIDAROS, H.A. 2002. Regional status and approaches to control and eradication of FMD in the middle east and North Africa. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. 21(3): 451-458
BARNETT PV and CARABIN H 2002. A review of emergency foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines. Vaccine 20: 1505–14.
BARNETT, P.V. COX S.J. AGGARWAL, N. GERBER, H. AND MCCULLOUGH, K.C. 2002. Further studies on the early protective responses of pigs following immunization with high potency foot and mouth disease vaccine. Vaccine Journal, 19: 3197-208.
CHEN Y. J. O. S. KWON, B. J. MIN, K. S. SON, J. H. CHO, J. W. HONG AND I. H. KIM 2005. The Effects of Dietary Biotite V Supplementation as an Alternative Substance to Antibiotics in Growing Pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 11 : 1642.
COX SJ, AGGARWAL N, STATHAM RJ, BARNETT PV 2003. Longevity of antibody and cytokine responses following vaccination with high potency emergency FMD vaccines. Vaccine 2003, 21:1336.
COX, S.J. GUBBINS, S. AND BARNETT, P.V. 2011. IL-6 production following vaccination in pigs: anadditional immune response parameter for assessing FMD vaccine efficacy. Vaccine Journal, 29: 4704-8.
DEPA, P.M. DIMRI, U. SHARMA, M.C. AND TIWARI, R. 2012. Update on epidemiology and control of foot and mouth disease - A menace to international trade and global animal enterprise. Vet. World, 5(11): 694-704.
DOEL TR 2003. FMD vaccines. Virus Res 91: 81–99.
DOEL TR 2005. Natural and vaccine induced immunity to FMD. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 288:103–131.
DOEL TR, BACCARINI PJ 1981. Thermal stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Arch Virol 70: 21–32.
EL-SAYED E. M , GAMAL WM, HASSAN AI, MAHDY SE, HEGAZY AZ, ABDEL-ATTY MM 2015. Comparative study on the immunopotentiator effect of ISA 201, ISA 61, ISA 50, ISA 206 used in trivalent foot and mouth disease vaccine, Veterinary World 8(10): 1189-1198.
ELNEKAVE E, LI Y, ZAMIR L, EVEN-TOV B, HAMBLIN P, GELMAN B, HAMMOND J, KLEMENT E 2013. The field effectiveness of routine and emergency vaccination with an inactivated vaccine against foot and mouth disease. Vaccine, 31:879–885.
EL-NAGGAR, H. 2012. Preparation of inactivated lyophilized NDV vaccine, M.V.Sc in Veterinary Science (Virology). Cairo University.
EL-SAYED, E. MOSSAD, W. ALI, S.M. AND SHAWKY, M. 2012. Studies on the duration of immunity induced in cattle after natural FMD infection and post vaccination with bivalent oil vaccine, Veterinary World, 5: 603-608.
EL-WATANY, H. SHAWKY, M. RHSHDY, O.H. AND EL- KELANY, S. 1999. Relationship between cellular and humoral immunity responses in animal vaccinated with FMD vaccine. Zigzag Veterinary Medical Journal, 27: 137-143.
FERREIRA, M.E.V. 1976. Prubade microneutralization poraestudies de anticueropos de la fibre aftosa. 13th Centropanamericano Fibre aftosa, (21/22): 17-24.
GERNER W, CARR BV, WIESMÜLLER KH, PFAFF E, SAALMÜLLER A, CHARLESTON B 2007. Identification of a novel foot-and-mouth disease virus specific T-cell epitope with immunodominant characteristics in cattle with MHC serotype A31. Vet Res, 38:565–572.
GRUBMAN MJ and BAXT B 2004. Foot-and-mouth disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 17:465–493
GRUBMAN MJ, MORAES MP, SEGUNDO DS, PENA L, DE LOS SANTOS T 2008. Evading the host immune response: how foot‐and‐mouth disease virus has become an effective pathogen. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 53:8–17.
HARMON, B.G. AND GLISSON, J.R. 1989. In vitro microbial activity of avian peritoneal macrophages. Avian Disease Journal, 33: 177-181.
HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY 2009. Complement fixation tests. Issue No.: 3 Issue date 11.12.09 Issued by: Standards Unit, Department for Evaluations, Standards and Training page 1 of 23.
HÖHLICH BJ, WIESMÜLLER KH, HAAS B, GERNER W, CORREA R, HEHNEN HR, SCHLAPP T, PFAFF E, SAALMÜLLER A 2003. Induction of an antigen-specific immune response and partial protection of cattle against challenge infection with foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) after lipopeptide vaccination with FMDV-specific B-cell epitopes. J Gen Virol, 84:3315–3324.
HOLIAN A, UTHMAN MO, GOLTSOVA T, BROWN SD, HAMILTON RF JR 1997. Asbestos and silica-induced changes in human alveolar macrophage phenotype. Environ Health Perspect, 105:1139–1142.
HUSSEIN, H.A. 1989. Immunosuppressive effect of MDV B.V.SC, Virology Vet. Thesis, Cairo Univ.
JUNG BG, LEE JA, LEE BJ 2013. Antiviral effect of dietary germanium biotite supplementation in pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Vet Sci, 14:135–141.
JUNG BG, TOAN NT, CHO SJ, KO J, JUNG YK, LEE BJ 2010. Dietary aluminosilicate supplement enhances immune activity in mice and reinforces clearance of porcine circovirus type 2 in experimentally infected pigs. Vet Microbiol, 143:117–125.
LEE, L.F. 1984. Proliferative response of chicken B and Tlymphocyte to mitogen. Veterinary MedicineJournal, 15: 44-52.
LEE JIN A. BOCK-GIE JUNG, MYUNGHWAN JUNG, TAE-HOON KIM, HAN SANG YOO, BONG-JOO LEE 2014. Dietary germanium biotite supplementation enhances the induction of antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in pigs, J. Vet. Sci. (2014), 15(3), 443-447. http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2014.15.3.44, pISSN 1229-845X, eISSN 1976-555X
LI R, SAKWIWATKUL K, YUTAO L, HU S 2009. Enhancement of the immune responses to vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease in mice by oral administration of an extract made from Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM). Vaccine, 27:2094–2098.
LUCY, F.L. 1977. Chicken Lymphocyte stimulation by mitogenes. A microassay with whole blood cultures. Avian Disease Journal, 22: 296-307.
MANSOUR, A. 2001. Some studies on the effect of mycotoxins on immune response of FMD vaccinated animals. Ph.D. Thesis (Infectious Diseases). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University.
MAYER, S. FALKENRODT, A. AND TONGIO, M.M. 1974. Anomalous reactivity of sera containing cold lymphocytotoxins with chronic leukemic lymphocytes. Tissue Antigens, 4: 266-270.
MCCULLOUGH KC, BRUCKNER L, SCHAFFNER R, FRAEFEL W, MÜLLER HK, KIHM U 1992. Relationship between the anti-FMD virus antibody reaction as measured by different assays, and protection in vivo against challenge infection. Vet Microbiol, 30:99–112.
MOHAMED, E.M. IBRAHIM, E.E. AND MOHAMED, F.S. 2013. Effect of administration of ultracorn with bivalent Foot and Mouth disease oil vaccine in calves. Veterinary World, 6: 486-492.
MOSSAD W. GAMAL EL-DIN, EHAB EL-SAYED IBRAHIM, HIND DAOUD AND SAMIR MOHAMED ALI 2014. Humeral and cellular immune response of Egyptian trivalent foot and mouth disease oil vaccine in sheep. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci. 4(4): 178-185.
MUMPTON, F. A. AND FISHMAN P. H. 1977. The application of natural zeolites in animal science and aquaculture. J. Anim. Sci. 45:1188-1203.
MYUNGHWAN JUNG, MIN-KYOUNG SHIN, SEUNG-BIN CHA, SEUNG WON SHIN, ANNA YOO, WON-JUNG LEE, HONG-TAE PARK, JONG-HYEON PARK, BYOUNGHAN KIM, YEON-KWON JUNG AND HAN SANG YOO 2014. Supplementation of dietary germanium biotite enhances induction of the immune responses by foot and mouth disease vaccine in cattle. BMC Veterinary Research 2014 10:179.
OH Y, FLEMING L, STATHAM B, HAMBLIN P, BARNETT P, PATON DJ, PARK JH, JOO YS, PARIDA S 2012. Interferon-γ induced by in vitro re-stimulation of CD4+ T-cells correlates with in vivo FMD vaccine induced protection of cattle against disease and persistent infection. PLoS One 2012, 7:e44365.
PARK JH 2013. Requirements for improved vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease epidemics. Clin Exp Vaccine, 2:8–18.
PATCH, J.R. PEDERSEN, L.E. TOKA, F.N. MORAES, M. GRUBMAN, M.J. AND NIELSEN, M. 2011. Induction of foot-and-mouth disease virus-specific cytotoxic T cell killing byvaccination. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Journal, 2: 280.
PAY TWF, RWEYEMAMU MM, O’REILLY KJ 1978. Experiences with Type SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in Southern Africa. XVth Conference of the Office International Des Epizzoties Permanent Commision on foot-and-mouth disease.
PERVAIZ, D. KALAIVANANA, R. SIEDA, N. MAMOA, B. KISHOREA, S. SURYANARAYANAD, V.V.S. AND KONDABATTULAA, G. 2013. Montanide ISATM 201 adjuvanted FMD vaccine induces improved immune responses and protection in cattle. Vaccine Journal, 31: 3327-3332.
PRESTON KJ, OWENS H, MOWAT GN 1982. Sources of variations encountered during the selection and production of three strains of FMD virus for the development of vaccine for use in Nigeria. J Biol Stand 10: 35–45.
REED, L.J. AND MUENCH, H. 1938. A simple method of estimating 50% end points. Am. J. Hyg. 27: 493-497.
RICHARDSON, M.D. AND SMITH, H. 1981. Resistance of virulent and attenuated strains of Candida albicans to intracellular killing by human and mouse phagocytes. Journal of Infectious Disease; 144: 557.
SAMIR, M.A.A. 2002. Studies on preparation of newly oil adjuvanted FMD vaccine. Ph.D Thesis (Virology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University.
SATYA, P. 2009. Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus: Strategies and effectiveness. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 8(3): 347-365.
SCUDIERO, D.A. SHOEMAKER, R.H. PAULL, K.D. MONKS, A. TIERNEY, S. NOFZIGER, T.H. CURRENS, M.J. SENIFF, D. AND BOYD, M.R. 1988. Evaluation of soluble tetrazolium/Formazan Assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumer cell lines. Cancer Research Journal, 48: 4827-4833.
SLATER, T.F. SAWYER, B. AND STRÄULI, U. 1963. Studies on succinate-tetrazolium reductase system: III. Points of coupling of four different tetrazolium salts. Biochemical biophysical Acta, 77: 383-393.
SOBRINO F, DOMINGO E 2001. Foot-and-mouth disease in Europe: FMD is economically the most important disease of farm animals. Its re-emergence in Europe is lik
to have consequences that go beyond severe alterations of livestock production and trade. EMBO Rep 2:459–461.
SUMMERFIELD A, GUZYLACK-PIRIOU L, HARWOOD L, MCCULLOUGH KC 2009. Innate immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus: current understanding and future directions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 128:205–210.
VOLLER, A. BIDWELL, D. E. AND BARTLETT, A. 1976. Microplate enzyme immunoassays for the immunodiagnosis of virus infections. In Manual of Clinical Immunology, Chapter 69, edited by N. Rose and H. Friedman, pp. 506512. American Society for Microbiology.
YUAN, S. L. X. S. PIAO, D. F. LI, Y. H. HE AND X. H. GUO. 2004. Effects of Biotite V on Growth Performance and Serum Lymphocyte Proliferation in Weaned Piglets. National Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, China Agricultural University (Unpublished).
XUAN, H. LI, Y. FANG, H. AND ZHENG, C. 2011. Establishment of persistent infection with foot and mouth disease virus in BHK21 cells. Virol. J. 8: 169. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 431 PDF Download: 598 |
||
