EMERGENCY SHELTER IN CASE OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT DISASTERS (COMMUNITY-BASED) (AN APPLIED STUDY ON THE CITY OF AL-ARISH - NORTH SINAI) | ||
| Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector | ||
| Article 13, Volume 15, Issue 54, January 2020, Pages 354-375 PDF (1.18 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/auej.2020.73138 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ensaf Osama Ali1; Ahmad Saad Dabour2; Mohamed Hassan Khalil2 | ||
| 1Department of architecture ,High Institute for Engineering &Technology in Al-Arishs, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of architecture, Faculty of Eng. of Al-Azhar University ,Nasr city ,Cairo ,Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The world has always faced various crises and problems that developed and got worse thereafter to be a disaster, which resulted in the destruction of humanity and threatening its stability, much less the material and moral damages. Disasters affect various parts of the world. They are divided into natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, high temperatures, droughts, etc., and man-made disasters such as wars, pollution, destruction, epidemics, etc., leaving behind destroyed buildings and homeless people. The kinds of disasters have increased and new ones, indirectly affecting people and society and harming its equilibrium, have appeared over time. They are called the "Indirect community disasters," which in turn cause damage no less serious than other natural or man-made disasters. Arab countries in general, and Egypt in particular, suffer from many indirect disasters such as drug addiction, unemployment, street children, congestion and overcrowding, illiteracy, dropping out of education, population displacement and others. In the event of a disaster, different emergency shelter techniques are urgently resorted to in order to reduce the aggravation of the disaster and to shelter those affected. Also, in the case of indirect (community) disasters, emergency sheltering techniques should be applied to control the disaster and reduce its aggravation. Urgent shelter is not limited to providing temporary housing for the homeless, but its comprehensive concept is "the Urgent containment economically, socially, physically and educationally." Thus, if states are able to apply the concept of emergency sheltering in the right sense properly in the case of (direct and indirect) disasters, they will ensure the stability and safety of their people. This paper discusses the direct and indirect disasters and the difference between them, and the urgent shelter used in disasters of all kinds. It also deals with the disasters that hit the governorate of North Sinai, specifically the city of Al-Arish since 2010 until 2017 (namely Al-Arish Floods 2010), as a direct disaster, and the displacement of the people of Rafah and Sheikh Zuweid as an indirect disaster. يعاني السکان في انحاء کثيرة من العالم من الکوارث بأشکال ھا المختلفة سواء مباشرة مثل الکوارث الطبيعية ، الحروب .. وغيرھا ، أو کوارث غير مباشرة ( مجتمعية ) مثل النزوح ، البطالة ، الأمية .. وغيرھا ، التي تسبب دمار کبير في الموارد البشرية ، والطبيعية، والاقتصادية، کما ينتج عن الکوارث بأنواعھا خلل في الأنظمة ودمار وخسائر متعددة في الممتلکات والبشر، وايضا تشرد المجتمعات والافراد، لذلک يتم اللجوء بشکل فوري بعد الکوارث للإيواء العاجل للحد من أضرار ا لکارثة والتقليل من نسبة الخسائر، وايواء المتضررين بشکل عاجل . وتتعرضالمحافظات المصرية لعدة أنواع من الکوارث المختلفة منھ ا ما ھو مباشر کالسيول، والزلازل والزحف الرملي ، ومنھا ما ھو غير مباشر کالنزوح السکاني ، والتسرب من التعليم ، والأمية . تتناول ھذه الورقة البحثية الکوارث المباشرة وغير المباشرة و الفرق بينھما ، و يتعرف على الايواء العاجل المستخدم في حالات الکوارث بأنواعھا ،و يتناول ايضا الکوارث التي اصابت محافظة شمال سيناء – تحديدا مدينة العريش ،وھي سيول العريش ٢٠١٠ ککارثة مباشرة ، ونزوح اھم مدينتي بمحافظة شمال سيناء " رفح والشيخ زويد" ککارثة غير مباشرة ، ثم تتناول الورقة مجموعة النتائج التي تم التوصل اليھا وبعضالتوصيات اللازمة لمعالجة مثل ھذه الامور. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Disasters; Emergency Shelter; Community Disasters; Direct Disasters; Indirect Disasters; Al-Arish City; North Sinai Governorate; Al-Arish Floods; Population Displacement; Rafah City; Sheikh Zowaid City. الکوارث ،الايواء العاجل، الکوارث المجتمعية ، کوارث مباشرة ، کوارث غير مباشرة ، مدينة العريش ، محافظة شمال سيناء ، سيول العريش | ||
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