STUDY OF RISK EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR EGYPTIAN INFANTS EXPOSED TO DIOXIN INTAKE IN COMMERCIAL BABY MILK | ||
| Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology | ||
| Article 5, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2012, Pages 373-387 PDF (566.59 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2012.83778 | ||
| Author | ||
| Y. M. Nabil* | ||
| Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Dioxin is ubiquitous highly toxic environmental pollutants, which exhibit a potential risk for human health. Baby milk with high amount of fat content, which includes infant formula and follow-on formula, is the major food sources for babies. Therefore, it was a source for dioxin (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs)) accumulated in baby body. A total thirty-three baby milk samples collected from imported and domestic market with 22 different brands from 8 different countries to determine the levels of 17 PCDD/PCDFs in baby milk with a mean total value 0.199 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight, and ranged from 0.039 to 0.691 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight. The Dioxin profile analysis was useful as a fingerprint to suggest the source of dioxin contamination. The congener profiles of 17 PCDD/PCDFs in infant-formula milk, hence the 75.5% of PCDF levels contributed in total TEQ account of the toxicity in infant-formula milk while 24.5% for PCDD levels. Moreover, the 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD congeners were the most abundant congeners of total PCDD congeners while the 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF congeners were the most abundant congeners of total PCDF. Estimate dietary exposures to dioxins for various age groups: newborn aged 0-6 months; infant aged 6-12 months and toddlers aged 12-24 months. Dioxin Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) was estimated to be within the value is consistent with tolerable intakes derived using WHO: 1-4pg WHO TEQ /kg bw/day. Furthermore, dietary exposure to dioxin of exclusively formula-fed infants assessed at each month from 0 to 24 months. The percentage of formula-fed infants with an exposure exceeding the TDI of 6.56 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw.d-1 was 163.9% at 0 months, 43.8% at 6 months, 14.5% at >6 months, 12.4% at ≤12 months, 20.7% at >12 months and 16.7% at <24 months. However, estimated dietary exposure more than 6 months of age was always below the lowest range of the TDI of 1 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1.bw.d-1. This study gives useful data for TDI data on the daily intake permitted to Egyptian children to assess the risks and benefits of infant formula in Egypt for ages from newborns to age two years. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Formula; milk; Dioxin; Infant; Baby milk; Profile; Egypt and Daily intake | ||
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