JITAL HOARD [With a die study] | ||
| مجلة مرکز المسکوکات الإسلامية - مصر | ||
| Article 15, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 27-41 PDF (1.58 M) | ||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jince.001.15 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mohammad Younis | ||
| Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University – Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Abstract: A hoard[1] of 108 copper coins "Jitāls" were found[2], and now preserved in the Oriental Coin cabinet in Jena, OMJ (Orientalisches Münzkabinett Jena)[3], one of them is Ghaznāwid, 6 belonging to the Khwārizm Shāhs dynasty, and 101 belonging to the Great Mongols dynasty. This paper presents the coins of the hoard, as they are all unpublished, and analysis the contents. The die study focuses on the micro details of these coins, in attempt to identify the origin of the hoard and the time of its stash as well as the activities of the mints during that period. The present study supported with a plan of the dies of the Mongol coins which considered the largest portion of the hoard. الملخص: يحتفظ مرکز دراسات المسکوکات الشرقية في جامعة يينا في ألمانيا بکنز من النقود النحاسية التي تسمى جيتال، ويتکون هذا الکنز من ١٠٨ قطعة، وتصنف هذه القطع کما يلي: قطعة واحدة ترجع إلى العصر الغزنوي، و٦ قطع ضُربت في فترة حکم دولة خوارزم شاه، و١٠١ قطعة ترجع إلى عصر المغول العظام. تستعرض الدراسة هذه النقود حيث لم يسبق نشرها أو دراستها من قبل، ويرتکز البحث على منهجية حديثة في دراسة المسکوکات التي تعتمد على دراسة القوالب في تحليل محتويات الکنز، في محاولة للتعرف على مکان وزمان الاکتناز. [1]- Old coins are normally discovered either as single finds or as part of a large group, known as a hoard, which can vary from just a few pieces to many thousand. [2]- I do not have much information about the circumstances of the excavating of the hoard, because I think it was donated to OMJ, by one of the supporters of the collection. [3]- I owe my gratitude to Stefan Heidemann (Universität Hamburg), for his generous help by providing me with the photos and the data of this hoard. | ||
Highlights | ||
CONCLUSION: 1- The hoard contains 108 copper coins, I think, the owner of the hoard did not propose to hide it as a treasure, but only some small change coins may be from the commercial trade. 2- The heaviest weight is 6.20 gr. The lightest weight is 2.60 gr. There was no standard weight. The largest number of coins with the same weight 4.60 gr. are 16 coins, accordingly, these coins were probably circulated by weight, not by its value [Chart 1]. 3- The hoard contains 1 coin belonging to the Ghaznawīds, 6 coins (in 3 Dies) belonging to Khwārizm Shāhs, and 101 coins (in 20 Dies) belonging to the Great Mongols. The consequence of the multitude of dies, gives a certain indication to the activity of Bādakhshān mint [Die plan 1]. 4- By the comparison with anther hoard preserved in Jena collection, Most of this hoard belongings to the Khwārizm shāhs, in addition to some of the Mongol coins, belonging to the dies D-c and G-e (the letter (hāʾ) with a Short upper hook of the word of the word Allah) so, we can suggest that the coins which belonging to these dies are the oldest struck coins. 5- The Mongol coins have two types; the first (Within double circles in between triangles in Obverse, and a square with trefoil pointed in side in reverse), The second type (within a line circle and arabesque on right and below in obverse, and with touched small rings in margin and arabesque on right and below in reverse). 6- The reverse dies were used more than the obverse dies, that 5 dies were used in the opposite of 2, so we can say that the upper die was which hold the reverse inscriptions. 7- The mints of the coins of the hoard are, Ghaznī, Qunduz, and Bādakhshān, so we can suppose that the hoard owned to a dealer or a merchant whose living in the area of the north-east of Afghanistan [Map 1]. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| JITAL; HOARD; Khwārizm Shāhs | ||
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