THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATING BY MAGNETIZED WATER, PROLINE AND YEAST EXTRACT SPRAYING ON QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO CROP UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS | ||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||
| Article 45, Volume 34, Issue 4, October 2017, Pages 2327-2354 PDF (1.36 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2017.97520 | ||
| Authors | ||
| A. S. EL-Sayed1; A.E. M. Eata2 | ||
| 1Researcher, Ag. Eng. Res. Inst., Ag. Res. Center, Egypt. | ||
| 2Researcher, Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This research aims to rationalize the applications of water and mineral fertilizers for tomato crop, in order to obtain clean organic food, and to maintain the quality and quantity of production. Three biological treatments were applied: first using magnetization technology to improve the drainage water ability to reuse it. Second using proline as an amino acid and third using yeast extraction as an alternative fertilizer. The applied treatments included three levels of magnetized water (1000, 2000 and 3000 gauss); two levels of proline (50 & 100 ppm) and two levels of yeast extract at concentrations of (5& 10%) compared with control treatment. Whereas, five of groups of measurements were carried out to; illustrate the effects of the applied treatment. The measurements were deduced on each of: soil properties, crop growth indicators, flowering time, crop yield and crop quality. The gained results of the present study indicated that applying the magnetized water (3000 G) with proline (100 ppm) at 10 % yeast extract reduces the electrical conductivity (EC) by reduction ratios of (45.09 & 50.19 %), while the soil acidity reduced by (28.93 & 25.08 %) than control through the tested seasons. Also, the mean increment ratios of the plant heights were increased by (25.19 & 25.41%) than control. However, the flowering period was increased up to 88 days. The quality indicators ratios (T.S.S and vit. C) were increased by {(9.39 & 9.0)and (34.2% & 33.50) %} orderly, while tomato acidity and blossom end rote ratios were decreased by {(7.90 & 8.0) and (0.390 & 0.405) %} only than control. As well, the increment ratios in crop yield (y) and the net earn were {(30.10 & 27.87) and (33.19 & 30.24%) orderly than control for (2015 & 2016) seasons. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Magnetization; electrical conductivity; proline; EC; yeast | ||
| References | ||
|
Abbas, S. M. (2013). The influence of biostimulants on the growth and on the biochemical composition of Vicia fava CV. Giza 3 beans. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 18 (2):8061-8068.
Alsadon, A. A., Wahb-Allah, M. A. and S.O. Khalil. (2009). Evaluation of salinity tolerance of tomato cultivars, breeding lines and their hybrid combinations under greenhouse conditions. Acta Hort. 807:207 - 214.
Al-Yahyai, R., S. Al-Ismaily, and A.S. Al-Rawahy (2010). Growing tomatoes under saline field conditions and the role of fertilizers. A Monograph on management of salt-affected soils and water for sustainable agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University. 42(2):P.P., 83-88.
Amiri, M.C.; and A.A. Dadkhah (2006). On reduction in the surface tension of water due to magnetic treatment. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Aspects, 278: 252-255.
Beckles, D. M. (2011). Factors affecting the postharvest soluble solids and sugar content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) Fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 63 (1): 129–140.
Behrouz, E. M.; C. Abdolkarim; Y.Nafiseh; and L. Bahareh (2010). Plants in copper and iron mine in Iran, Pakistan journal of biological science, 11(3), pp 490-4. Identification of the hyper accumulator 92.
Chibowski, E.; A. Szcześ; and L. Hołysz (2005). Influence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Static Magnetic Field on the Properties of Freshly Precipitated Calcium Carbonate. ACS Publications. 21(18): 8114-8122.
Costa, J.; M., Ortuno, M. F. and M. M. Chaves. (2007). Deficit irrigation as a strategy to save water: physiology and potential application to horticulture. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 49: 1421–1434.
Dinkha, R.F. and T.O. Al-Khazragji (1990). Nutrition and fungus function science, University of Salahaddin, Ministry ofHigh Educati on, Iraq. (In Arabic).
El-Sayed, A.S.; W.F. El-Metwally and M.E. El_Iraqi (2015). "Developing bio-treatment unit for irrigating the salt-affected soils by magnetization and UV" 4th international conference of Agricultural& Bio- Engineering. Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 93 (5) PP.15-40.
Giovannucci, E. (1999). Tomatoes tomato-based products, lycopene and canser: Review of the epidemiologic literature. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 91: 317-331.
Hamilton, E. W. and S.A. Heckathorn (2001). Mitochondrial adaptations to NaCl. Complex I is protected by antioxidants and small heat shock proteins, whereas complex II is protected by proline and betaine. Plant Physiology 2001; 126: 1266-1274.
Hashem, M.; Y. M. Omran, and S. M. Nashwa (2008). Efficacy of yeasts in the management ofroot-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in flame seedless grape vines and the consequent on the productivity of the vines. Biocontrol Science and Technology 18(4): 357-375.
Hayashi, F.; T. Ichino; M. Osanai and K. Wada (2000). Oscillation and regulation of proline content by P5CS and ProDH gene expressions in the light/dark cycles in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Plant and Cell Physiology 2000; 41: 1096-1101.
Hilal, M.H. and M.M. Hillal (2000). Application of magnetic technologies in desert agriculture .1-Seed germination and seedling emergence of some crop in a saline calcareous soil. Egypt J. Soil Sci. 40 :(3): 413-421.
Hoque, M.A.; M.N. Banu; E. Okuma; K. Amako; Y. Nakamura; Y. Shimoishi and Y. Murata (2007). Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase NaCl-induced ascorbate glutathione cycle enzyme activities, and proline improves salt tolerance more than glycinebetaine in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension-cultured cells. Journal of Plant Physiology 2007; 164: 1457-1468.
Lim, P. and T. Ogata (2005). Salinity effect on growth and toxin production of four tropical Alexandrium species (Dinophyceae). Toxicon. 45: 699 - 710.
Magkos, F.; F. Arvaniti and A. Zampelas (2003). Organic food: nutritious food or food for thought? A review of the evidence. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutur. 54, 357–371.
Maheshwari, B.L. and H.S. Grewal (2009). Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity. Agric Water Manage 96: 1229–1236.
Mahmoued, T. R. (2001). Botanical studies on the growth and germination of mahnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) plants. M. Sci. Thesis.Fac. Of Agric. Moshtohor, Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
Matysik, J.; B. Bhalu and P. Mohanty (2002). Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr. Sci., 82, 525–532.
Oida, A. (1997). Using personal computer for agricultural machinery management. Kyoto University. Japan. JICA publishing.
Olympios, C.M.; I.C. Karapanos; K. Lionoudakis and I. Apidianakis. (2003). The growth, yield and quality of greenhouse tomato in relation to salinity applied at different stages of plant growth. Acta Hort. 609:313-320.
Peet, M. M. (2005). Irrigation and fertilization. In: Heuvelink E, ed. Tomatoes, Crop Production Science in Horticulture. CABI Publishing, UK. pp. 171–198.
Siddiqui, M. W. (2015). Postharvest biology and technology of horticultural crops – principles and practices for quality maintenance. USA, 572 p.
Silva, J.C. and W. Bettiol (2005). Potential of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Fitopatologia Brasileira 30: 409-412.
Sivakumar, P.; P. Sharmila and P. P. Saradhi (2000). Proline alleviates salt-stress induced enhancement in ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate oxygenase activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 279, 512–515.
Stino, R.G.; A. T Mohsen; M. A. Maksoud; M.M.M. Abd elmigeed; A.M. Gomaa and A. Y. Ibrahim (2009). Bio-organic fertilization and its impact on Apricot young trees in newly reclaimed soil. Amer-Eurasian J. Agric. and Environ.Sci., 6(1): 62-69.
Tai, C.Y.; C.K. Wu; and M.C. Chang (2008). Effects of magnetic field on the crystallization of CaCO3 using permanent magnets. Chem. Engin. Sci., 63: 5606-5612.
Taylor, M.D. and S.J. Locascio (2004). Blossom-End Rot: A Calcium Deficiency. J. Plant Nutr. 27, 123-139.
Topcu, S.; C. Kirda ; Y. Dasgan ; H. Kaman ; M. Cetin ; A. Yazici, and M. A. Bacon (2006). Yield response and N-fertilizer recovery of tomato grown under deficit irrigation. Eur. J. Agron. 26: 64 – 70.
Voogt, W. (1998). The growth of beefsteak tomato as affected by K/Ca ratios in the nutrient solution. Glasshouse Crops Research Station Naaldwijk, The Netherlands. Plant Production in closed ecosystems 83-102.
Wanas, A. and L. Trails (2006). For improving growth and productivity of tomato plants grown in winter. Annals. Agric. Sci. Moshtohor.; 44(3):466-471.
Zhu, J. K. (2001). Cell signaling under salt, water and cold stresses. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol, 4, 401–406. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 221 PDF Download: 468 |
||
