ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFERRED RATE THROUGH HEAT EXCHANGERS DURING CONCENTRATION PROCESS OF MILK | ||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||
| Article 19, Volume 33, Issue 4, October 2016, Pages 1515-1536 PDF (1.12 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2016.97619 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Said Elshahat Abdallah1; Wael Mohamed Elmessery2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt | ||
| 2Lecturer, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Fouling problems of heat exchangers affect severely the performance of heat transfer process during the concentration of milk. In this investigation the strategy of anti-fouling is focused on investigate the optimal hydrodynamic flow. Two combined techniques, for resulting oscillating high values of shear stress on heat transfer surfaces, were applied in the current investigation. The two techniques are dissolved air flotation for microbubbles generation in the milk stream with pulsed flow for hydrodynamics conditions modifications. Four different applied air pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.6MPa for controlling the microbubbles discharge and three modes of pulsation were nominated as uniform pulsation, gradient pulsation and without pulsation. Plate heat exchanger used commonly in milk industry for thermal treatments. Commercial pilot scale of plate heat exchanger was operated at milk flow rate of 0.078 m3h-1 and heating level from 42 to 61°C. The results show that the application of air pressure for microbubbles generation and pulsation type have a significant effect on fouling layer prevention for more while 105 minutes (the experimented time). For these reasons, the use of the two integrated techniques can progress thermal process of the plate heat exchanger. The optimum treatment for fouling deterrence is at applied air pressure of 0.6MPa and gradient pulsation, frequency with 0.16Hz and two states of steadily, unsteady of 20 seconds and steady of 10 seconds, the fouling layer decreases by 76.5%, and the maximum value of the overall heat transfer coefficient obtained is 9688.4Wm-2K-1. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Heat treatment; fouling impact; heat transfer coefficient; dissolved air flotation; pulsed flow | ||
| References | ||
|
Abu-Khader, M. M. 2012. Plate heat exchangers: Recent advances. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16 (4): 1883–1891.
Andres, V.; M. Villanueva and M. Tenorio. 2016. Influence of high pressure processing on microbial shelf life, sensory profile, soluble sugars, organic acids, and mineral content of milk- and soy-smoothies, LWT. Food Science and Technology, 65: 98 – 105.
Andritsos, N.; S. G.Yiantsios and A. J. Karabelas.2002.Calciumphosphate scale formation from simulated milk ultrafiltrate solutions.Food and Bioproducts Processing, 80 (C4): 223–230.
Augustina, W.; T. Fuchsa; H. Foste; M. Scholer; J. Majschak and S. Scholl. 2010. Pulsed flow for enhanced cleaning in food processing. Food and Bioproducts processing, 88: 384–391.
Bansal, B. and X. D. Chen. 2006. Effect of temperature and power frequency on milk fouling in an ohmic heater. Food and Bioproducts Processing, IChemE, 84 (C4): 286–291.
Barish, J. A. and J. M. Goddard. 2013. Anti-fouling surface modified stainless steel for food processing. Food and Bioproducts Processing, IChemE, 91: 352–361.
Boxler, C.; W. Augustin and S. Scholl. 2014. Composition of milk fouling deposits in a plate heat exchanger under pulsed flow conditions. Journal of Food Engineering, 121: 1–8.
Burton, H. 1967. Seasonal variation in deposit formation from whole milk on a heated surface. J. Dairy Res., 34: 137-143.
Chang, T. S. and Y. H. Shiau.2005. Flow pulsation and baffle’s effects on the opposing mixed convection in a vertical channel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48 (19–20): 4190–4204.
Chen, Z. D. and J. J. J. Chen. 1998. Local heat transfer for oscillatory flow in the presence of a single baffle within a channel. Chemical Engineering Science, 53 (17): 3177–3180.
Cunault, C.; C. H. Burton and A. M. Pourcher. 2013. The impact of fouling on the process performance of the thermal treatment of pig slurry using tubular heat exchangers. Journal of Environmental Management, 117: 253-262.
Deen, W. M. 1998.Analysis of Transport Phenomena. Oxford University Press, New York.
Edzwald, J. K. 2010. Dissolved air flotation and me. Water Research, 44: 2077 – 2106.
Espejo, G. G. A.; M. M. Hernandez-Herrero; B. Juan and A. J. Trujillo. 2014. Inactivation of Bacillus spores inoculated in milk by Ultra High Pressure Homogenization. Food Microbiology, 44: 204-210.
Filho, J. A.; A. Azevedo; R. Etchepare and J. Rubio. 2016. Removal of sulfate ions by dissolved air flotation (DAF) following precipitation and flocculation. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 149: 1–8.
Gondrexon, N.; L. Cheze; Y. Jin; M. Legay; Q. Tissot; N. Hengl; S. Baup; P. Boldo; F. Pignon and E. Talansier. 2015. Intensification of heat and mass transfer by ultrasound: Application to heat exchangers and membrane separation processes. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 25: 40–50.
Grandison, A. S. 1988. Ultra-High-Temperature Processing of Milk: Seasonal Variation in Deposit Formation in Heat Exchangers. J. Soc. Dairy Techol., 41: 43-49.
Hotrum N. E.; P. D. Jong; J. C. Akkerman and M. B. Fox. 2015. Pilot scale ultrasound enabled plate heat exchanger – Its design and potential to prevent biofouling. Journal of Food Engineering, 153: 81–88.
Huang K. and J. M. Goddard. 2015. Influence of fluid milk product composition on fouling and cleaning of Ni–PTFE modified stainless steel heat exchanger surfaces. Journal of Food Engineering, 158: 22–29.
Hyslop, D. B. and P. F. Fox. 1981. Heat stability of milk: interrelationship between assay temperature, pH and Agitation. J. Dairy Res., 48: 123-129.
Jeurnink, T. J. M. 1995. Fouling of heat exchangers by fresh and reconstituted milk and the influence of air bubbles. Milchwissenschaft, 50: 189–193.
Khaldi, M.; P. Blanpain-Avet; R. Guérin; G. Ronse; L. Bouvier; C. André; S. Bornaz; T. Croguennec; R. Jeantet and G. Delaplace. 2015. Effect of calcium content and flow regime on whey protein fouling and cleaning in a plate heat exchanger. Journal of Food Engineering 147: 68–78.
Li, W.; H. Li; G. Li and S. Yao. 2013. Numerical and experimental analysis of composite fouling in corrugated plate heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 63: 351–360.
Lin, S. X. Q. and X. D. Chen. 2007. A laboratory investigation of milk fouling under the influence of ultrasound. Trans. IChemE, Part C, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 85 (C1): 57–62.
Mackley, M. R.;G. M. Tweddle and I. D. Wyatt.1990. Experimental heat transfer measurements for pulsatile flow in baffled tubes. Chemical Engineering Science, 45 (5): 1237–1242.
Martin, H. 1996. A theoretical approach to predict the performance of Chevron-type plate heat exchangers. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 35: 301–310.
Metwally, H. M. and R. M. Manglik. 2004. Enhanced heat transfer due to curvature induced lateral vortices in laminar flows in sinusoidal corrugated-plate channels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47 (10–11): 2283–2292.
Ni, X.; M. R. Mackley; A. P. Harvey; P. Stonestreet; M. H. I. Baird and N. V. Rama Rao. 2003. Mixing through oscillations and pulsations – a guide to achieving process enhancements in the chemical and process industries. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 81 (3): 373–383.
Prakash, S.; O. Kravchuk and H. Deeth. 2015. Influence of pre-heat temperature, pre-heat holding time and high-heat temperature on fouling of reconstituted skim milk during UHT processing. Journal of Food Engineering, 153: 45–52.
Qureshi, B. A. 2004. Design, rating and exergy analysis of evaporative heat exchangers. M. Sc. thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Kingdom, pp: 214.
Shutova, Y.; B. L. Karna; A. C. Hambly; B. Lau; R. K. Henderson and P. Le-Clech. 2016. Enhancing organic matter removal in desalination pretreatment systems by application of dissolved air flotation. Desalination, 383: 12–21.
Skudder, P. J.; B. E. Brooker; A. D. Bonsey and N. R. Alvarez-Guerrero. 1986. Effect of pH on the formation of deposit from milk on heated surfaces during UHT Processing. J. Dairy Res., 53: 75-87.
Tirumalesh, A.; R. H. G. Rao and H. M. Jayaprakash. 1997. Fouling of heat exchangers. Indian Journal of Dairy and Biosciences, 8: 41–44.
Visser, H.; Th. J. M. Jeurnink; J. E. Schraml; P. J. Fryer and F. Delplace. 1997. Fouling of heat treatment equipment. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation, 328: 7–31.
Zettler, H. U. and H. Müller-Steinhagen. 2002. The use of CFD for the interpretation of fouling data in PHEs. In: Müller-Steinhagen, H.; M. R. Malayeri and P. Watkinson (Eds.), Heat Exchanger Fouling – Fundamental Approaches and Technical Solutions. PUBLICO Publications, Essen, pp: 125–135.
Zin, G.; F. M. Penha; K. Rezzadori; F. L. Silva; K. Guizoni; J. C. C. Petrus; J. V. Oliveira and M. D. Luccio. 2016. Fouling control in ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin and milk by the use of permanent magnetic field. Journal of Food Engineering, 168: 154–159. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 288 PDF Download: 313 |
||
