EVALUATION AND SCRUBBING OF BIOGAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES AND WATER HYACINTH | ||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||
| Article 29, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 534-560 PDF (441.25 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2020.110170 | ||
| Authors | ||
| M. A. Eltawil1; E.B. A. Belal2 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof. of Agric. Eng., Dept of Agric. Eng. of Faculty of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ. Egypt. | ||
| 2Assistant Prof. of Agric Microbiology., Dept of Agric. Botany, Branch of Agric. Microbiology Faculty of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ. Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study aimed to characterize anaerobic batch biodegradation of five co-digested mixtures in terms of methane yield and energy production as follows: Mixture 1 (potato waste + sugar beet leaves), mixture 2 (cattle dung), mixture 3 (water hyacinth + cattle dung), mixture 4 (rice straw + cattle dung + poultry droppings) and mixture 5 (bagasse + cattle dung). Effects of stirring, dry oxidation and water scrubbing processes on the biogas quality were also examined. The peak values of gas generation reached up to 0.344 and 0.476 L/L/day for control and handle stirring in case of mixture 5. The results showed significant differences in biogas production between control and stirring for different mixtures. The biogas generation increased by stirring with 60.33% compared to control. The highest values of CH4 were 75, 69.7 and 68.6% for mixtures 1, 5 and 3, respectively. The average CO2 ranged from 31.65 to 37.46%, while H2S contents ranged from 2017.6 to 2622.4 ppm. Average removal efficiencies of CO2 and H2S reached up to 94.84 and 97.2%, respectively. Upgrading biogas enriched it with methane content up to 95.71% and increased its calorific value up to 31.28 MJ/m3. It could be concluded that, the mixing and stirring as well as dry oxidation and water scrubbing processes have an important role and efficacy in the biogas production quantity and quality. Recycling of wastes and biogas production requires strong governmental support to be successful. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Water hyacinth; Potato wastes; Sugar beet leaves; bagasse; cattle dung; Scrubbing | ||
| References | ||
|
Ahring, B., I. Angelidaki and K. Johansen. 1992. Anaerobic treatment of manure together with industrial waste. Water Science Technology, 25(7):311–8.
Alaa EL-Din, M.N. 1978. Biogas technology with respect to Chinese experience. Paper presented at the FAO/ Sida workshop on the use of organic materials for improving soil productivity in the near east，Alex., Egypt.
APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Bhattacharya, TK, T.N. Mishra and B. Singh. 1988. Techniques for removal of CO2 and H2S from biogas. Paper presented at XXIV annual convention of ISAE, held at PKV, Akola.
Bjornsson, L., B. Mattiasson and T. Henrysson. 1997. Effects of support material on the pattern of volatile fatty acid accumulation at overload in anaerobic digestion of semi-solid waste. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 47:640–4.
Bjornsson, L., M. Murto, T.G. Jantsch and B. Mattiasson. 2001. Evaluation of new methods for the monitoring of alkalinity, dissolved hydrogen and the microbial community in anaerobic digestion. Water Res, 35: 2833–40.
Borja, R., A. Martin, M. Luque and V. Alonso. 1994. Kinetics of methane production from wine distillery wastewater in an immobilized cell bioreactor using sepiolite as support medium. Resour Conserv Recycl 1994;10:317–27.
Callaghan, F.J., D.A.J. Wase, K. Thayanithy and C.F. Forster. 2002. Continuous co-digestion of cattle slurry with fruit and vegetable wastes and chicken manure. Biomass Bioenergy, 27:71–7.
Callaghan, F.J., K. Luecke, D.A.J. Wase, K. Thayanithy and C.F. Forster. 1997. Co-digestion of cattle slurry and waste milk under shock loading conditions. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 68:405–10.
Chanakaya, H.N., R. Venkatsubramaniyam and J. Modak. 1997. Fermentation and methanogenic characteristics of leafy biomass feed stocks in a solid phase biogas fermenter. Bioresource Technology, 62:71–8.
Chynoweth, D.P., J.M. Owens and R. Legrand. 2001. Renewable methane from anaerobic digestion of biomass. Renewable Energy, 22:1–8.
Cook, E.C. 1986. Anaerobic Sludge Digestion: Manual of Practice No. 16. Alexandria, VA: Water Pollution Control Federation: Task Force on Sludge Stabilization.
DSMZ. 2004. catalogue media No.119, 120 and 141. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/html/media/medium000027.html.
Dubey, A.K. 2000. Wet scrubbing of carbon dioxide. Annual report of CIAE, Bhopal, India.
El-Hadidi, Y.M. 1999. Effect of mechanical mixing on biogas production from livestock manure. Misr J. Ag. Eng.,16 (4): 625-635.
EREC. 2003. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse, brief. Methane (Biogas) from Anaerobic Digesters. Biogas review \ biogas from anaerobic digestion and some web .htm. Voice (USA only): 800-DOE-EREC (363-3732).
Fernandez, B., P. Porrier and R. Chamy. 2001. Effect of inoculum–substrate ratio on the start-up of solid waste anaerobic digesters. Water Science Technology, 44(4):103–8.
Francese, A.P., G. Aboagye-Mathiesen, T. Olesen, P.R. Co´rdoba and F. Sineriz. 2000. Feeding approaches for biogas production from animal wastes and industrial effluents. World J Biotechnol, 16:147–50.
Gosch A., M. Hildegart, W. Ursula and J. Walter. 1983. The anaerobic treatment of poultry manure, Animal Res. and Dev., 17: 62-73.
Gujer, W. and A.J.B. Zehnder. 1983. Conversion processes in anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Technol, 15:127–67.
Hagen M., E.Polman, A. Myken, J. Jensen, O. Jönsson and A. Dahl. 2001. Adding Gas from Biomass to the Gas Grid. Swedish Gas Centre, Report SGC 118.
Hons F.M., J.T. Cothren, J.C. Vincent and N.L. Erickson. 1993. Land application of sludge generated by the anaerobic fermentation of biomass to methane. Biomass and Bioenergy; 5 (3–4), 289–300.
Jagadish, K.S., H.N. Chanakaya, P. Rajabapaiah and V. Anand. 1998. Plug flow digesters for biogas generation from leaf biomass. Biomass Bioenergy, 14(5/6):415–23.
Jenkins, S.R., J.M. Morgan and X. Zhang. 1991. Measuring the usable carbonate alkalinity of operating anaerobic digesters. Res J Water Pollut Control Fed, 63: 28–34.
Kaparaju, P., S. Luostarinen, J.Kalmari and J. Rintala. 2002. Co-digestion of energy crops and industrial confectionery by-products with cow manure: batch-scale and farm-scale evaluation. Water Science Technology; 45(10):275–80.
Kapdi, S.S., V.K. Vijay, S.K. Rajesh and R. Prasad. 2005. Biogas scrubbing, compression and storage: perspective and prospectus in Indian context. Renewable Energy, 30: 1195–1202.
Karim, K., R. Hoffmann, T. Klasson and M.H. Al-Dahhan. 2005. Anaerobic digestion of animal waste: Waste strength versus impact of mixing. Bioresource Technology, 96:1771–1781.
Landine, R.C., T. Virarahgavan, A.A. Cocci, G.J. Brown and K.C. Lin. 1982. Anaerobic fermentation-filtration of potato processing wastewater. J Water Pollut Control Fed, 54:103–10.
Lissens, G., P. Vandevivere, L. de Baere, E.M. Biey and W. Verstraete. 2001. Solid waste digesters: process performance and practice for municipal solid waste digestion. Water Science Technology, 44(8):91–102.
Lo, K.V., W.M. Carson, K. Jeffers. 1981. A computer-aided design for biogas production from animal manure. Livestock Wastes. A Renewable Resource, p:133-135, 141.
Mata-Alvarez, J., S. Mace and P. Llabres. 2000. Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes: an overview of research achievements and perspectives. Bioresource Technology, 74:3–16.
Misi, S.N. and C.F. Forster. 2001. Batchco-digestio n of two component mixtures of agro-wastes. Process Safety and Environment Protection, 79(B6):365–71.
Mitzalff K. V. 1983. Engines for biogas. GATEREP. Braunschweig, Germany, p: 27-33.
Noykova, N., T.G. Muller, M. Gyllenberg and J. Timmer. 2002. Quantitative analysis of anaerobic wastewater treatment process: identifiability and parameter estimation. Biotechnol Bioeng, 78:89–103.
Owen, W.F. and G.F. Parkin. 1986. Fundamentals of anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludges. Journal of Environmental Engineering,112:867–920.
Parawira, W., M.Murto, R. Zvauya and B. Mattiasson. 2004. Anaerobic batch digestion of solid potato waste alone and in combination with sugar beet leaves. Renewable Energy, 29: 1811–1823.
Powell, G.E. and D.B. Archer. 1989. On-line titration method for monitoring buffer capacity and total volatile fatty acid levels in anaerobic digesters. Biotechnol Bioeng, 33: 570–7.
Rushbrook, P.E. 1990. Co-disposal of industrial wastes with municipal solid wastes. Resource Conservation Recycling, 4:33–49.
Shannon R. 2000. Biogas conference proceedings. http://www.rosneath.com.all/ipc6/ch08/shannon2/
Shoeb, F. and H.J. Singh. 2000. Kinetic studies of biogas evolved from water hyacinth. 2nd International Symposium on New Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and Agro-Applications. Proceedings, 18-20 October, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Stafford D. A., D. L. Hawkes, R. Horton. 1980. Methane production from waste organic matter. CRC Press. ISBNO 8493–52223–I.
Stewart, D.J., M.J. Bogue and D.M. Badger. 1984. Biogas production from crops and organic wastes 2. Results of continuous digestion tests. New Zealand Journal of Science, 27:285–94.
Tafdrup, S. 1994. Centralised biogas plants combine agricultural and environmental benefits with energy production. Water Science Technology, 30:133–41.
Tafdrup, S. 1995. Viable energy production and waste recycling from anaerobic digestion of manure and other biomass materials. Biomass Bioenergy,1–5:303–14.
Wellinger A. and A. Lindeberg. 1999. Biogas upgrading and utilization. Task 24: energy from biological conversion of organic wastes, p:1–19.
Zupancic G.D. and M. Ros. 2003. Heat and energy requirements in thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion. Renewable Energy; 28: 2255-2267. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 253 PDF Download: 239 |
||
