المتغيرات الإعلامية المؤثرة في المعرفة الصحية لدي طلاب الجامعات المصرية : جائحة کورونا أنموذجًا

1) The official page of the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population   https://www.facebook.com/egypt.mohp/

- Atran, Muhammad Sayed’ (2004)’Uses and Satisfaction of Health Awareness Programs on Omani Television, The Egyptian Journal of Media Research, (Cairo: Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University, Issue Twenty-third, July-December), p. 237.

-Payne, J. G., & Schulte, S. K. (2003). Mass media, public health, and achieving health literacy. Journal of health communication, 8(S1), 124-125.‏

- Othman, Rifaat Aref Muhammad’ (2007) ‘The Egyptian Public’s Dependence on the Media to Gain Information on the Avian Flu Crisis, The Egyptian Journal of Media Research, (Cairo: Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University, Issue 28, October-December), p. 125.

(2) Faihan, Salman, (2019) The Saudi Public’s Seeking of Information about Societal Crises through social media, Journal of Public Relations Research Middle East, No. 25, pp. 149-188.

(3) Hassan, Maha Mukhtar, (2018), Seeking health information from the Internet, The Arab Journal for Media and Communication Research, Issue 21, April-June, pp. 132-153.

(4) Abdel Aziz, Sarah Mahmoud, (2018), The Egyptian public’s request for health information via the Internet and its relationship to their level of health awareness, The Egyptian Journal of Public Opinion Research, Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University, Volume Seventeen, Issue Three, July-September, pp. 475-507.

(5) Payne, J. G., & Schulte, S. K. (2003). Mass media, public health, and achieving health literacy. Journal of health communication, 8(S1), 124-125.‏

(6) Yahya, Jihan Sayed (2021). The psychological and behavioral effects of the visual media content presented on Corona and its relationship to the source's credibility., Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Information, Al-Azhar University, Issue 56, Part IV, 2021, pp. 1526-1572.

(7) Adel, Doaa, (2020), Public Attitudes Towards Efforts to Awareness of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) in the Jazan Region, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Mass Communication, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, Part IV, pp. 2714-2754.

(8) Singh, L., Bansal, S., Bode, L., Budak, C., Chi, G., Kawintiranon, K., ... & Wang, Y. (2020). A first look at COVID-19 information and misinformation sharing on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.13907.‏

(9) Singh, L., Bansal, S., Bode, L., Budak, C., Chi, G., Kawintiranon, K., ... & Wang, Y. (2020). A first look at COVID-19 information and misinformation sharing on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.13907.‏

(10) Abdel Halim, Walid Muhammad, (2020), The Impact of the Media on Family Awareness to Confront the Corona Virus, Journal of Media Studies, Arab Democratic Center, Berlin, Germany, Eleventh Issue, May.

(11) Wang, Y., Di, Y., Ye, J., & Wei, W. (2021). Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychology, health & medicine, 26(1), 13-22.‏

(12) Eisha Ola, (2020), The Role of New Media in Developing Health Awareness and Combating Global Health Crises in Light of the Spread of the Coronavirus, Journal of Media Studies, Arab Democratic Center, Berlin, Germany, Eleventh Issue, May.

(13) Abdel Hafeez, Nadia Mohamed Abdel Hafeez, (2020), Attitudes of the Egyptian public towards new media handling of the emerging corona virus pandemic, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Media, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, Part IV, pp. 2168-2094.

(14) Ajwa, Nermin Ali, (2020), Strategies for Communication of Health Risks through social media in the Face of the Corona Pandemic, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Mass Communication, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, Part IV, pp. 2434-2494.

(15) Al-Saidi,Tariq Muhammad Muhammad, (2020) Youth’s Reliance on Mobile Journalism and its Role in Health Awareness of the Corona Pandemic in Egypt, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Information, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, Part IV, 2020, pp. 2170-2226.

(16) Oh, S. H., Lee, S. Y., & Han, C. (2021). The effects of social media use on preventive behaviors during infectious disease outbreaks: The mediating role of self-relevant emotions and public risk perception. Health communication, 36(8), 972-981.‏

(17) Omar Hajar Mahmoud, (2020), The Egyptian public’s use of television and Facebook to obtain information about the Corona pandemic and their attitudes towards government performance in light of the information epidemic, Journal of Public Relations Middle East, Issue 29, Part Two, October, pp. 465-512.

(18) Abdel-Dayem, Reham Marzouk Ibrahim, (2020), The treatment of talk shows on the Egyptian public and private satellite channels for the crisis of the Corona Virus Covid 19 Analytical study, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Information, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, Part IV, July, pp. 2292-2352.

(19) Abu Sunna, Noura Hamdi Muhammad, (2021), The Saudi Child’s Seeking Information from the Traditional and Digital Media about the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic and Their Perception of It, The Egyptian Journal of Media Research, Cairo University, College of Information, Volume Fourteen, March, pp. 465-512.

(20) Maqsoud, Hani Nadi Abdel, (2021), Doctors and the Nursing Authority’s request for health information about the new Corona pandemic through the mobile press and its relationship to their professional compatibility, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Information, Al-Azhar University, Issue 56, Part Two, pp. 852-896.

(21) APCO (2020). United States of Anxiety. In May5, at: https://apcoworldwide.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/APCO-COVID-19- RESEARCH.pdf

(22) Ashour, Iman, (2021), The Egyptian public’s request for information related to Covid 19 through social sites and its relationship to their psychological immunity, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Information, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, Part IV, pp. 2537-2604.

(23) Suleiman Akl Nashwa, (2020), Seeking health information about the emerging corona virus and its relationship to the level of risk management for Egyptian women, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Information, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, July, Part IV, pp. 2038-2092.

(24) Asmaa Massad Abdel Majid, (2020), The Role of Governmental Pages on Facebook in Raising the Health Awareness of the Egyptian Citizen towards the Crisis of the Spread of the Corona Virus Covid-19 2020, Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Information, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, July, Part IV, p. 3302-3350.

(25) Samir Hussein: Media Research, (2015), (Cairo: World of Books, January 2006 AD), p. 131.

(26) Mohamed Abdel Hamid: Scientific Research in Media Studies, 5th Edition, (Cairo: World of Books,), p. 233.

(27) Kamel Al-Qur’an, Omar Safavi, Abdullah Al-Dahamsheh, (2021), The Jordanian Political Elite’s Employment of Twitter in Disseminating Information, Journal of Research and Media Studies, Issue 15: - January - March, p. 111:50

(28) Roger D. Wimmer، & Joseph R. Dominick (2000) ، "Mass Media Research: An Introduction"، 9th Edition، University of Georgia، p. 154.

(29) Mr. Dr. Mohamed Saad Ibrahim, Professor at Minya University and Dean of the Higher International Institute for Media in El-Shorouk.

-Mr. Dr. Barakat Abdel Aziz, Professor of Radio Department, Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University.

-Mr. Dr. Adel Fahmy Al-Bayoumi, Professor of Radio Department, Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University.

-Mr. Dr. Soheir Saleh, Professor of Radio and Vice Dean of the Higher International Institute for Media in El-Shorouk.

(30) Li, J., Theng, Y. L., & Foo, S. (2016). Predictors of online health information seeking behavior: Changes between 2002 and 2012. Health informatics journal, 22(4), 804-814.‏

(31) Xia, L., Deng, S., & Liu, Y. (2017). Seeking health information online: the moderating effects of problematic situations on user intention. Journal of Data and Information Science, 2(2), 76-95.‏

(32) Yang, Z. J., Kahlor, L., & Li, H. (2014). A United States-China comparison of risk information–seeking intentions. Communication Research, 41(7), 935-960.‏

(33) Rimal, R. N., Flora, J. A., & Schooler, C. A. R. O. L. I. N. E. (1999). Achieving improvements in overall health orientation: Effects of campaign exposure, information seeking, and health media use. Communication Research, 26(3), 322-348.

(34) ‏-Farhan, S. Y. (2020). THE ROLE OF PRESS ADVERTISING IN ENCOURAGING THE PUBLIC TO PURCHASE. AL-Bahith AL-A’alami, 12(47).‏

(45) Marzouq Al-Adly (2004), Press Ads: A Study of Uses and Gratifications (first edition), Cairo: Dar Al-Fajr for Publishing and Distribution, p. 54.

(46) Sadiq, Samir Sabry, (2015), The Relationship Between Egyptian Youth’s Seeking Information Through Facebook in Time of Crisis and Their Perception of the Crisis, (A Field Study of the Port Said Stadium Crisis), Cairo, Annals of Ain Shams University, Volume 43, October-December, pp. 521-543.

(47) Abdel Raq, May Mustafa, (2016), The Egyptian public’s request for information on current events from the accounts of news agencies on social networking sites, Al Rai Al Aam Magazine, Cairo University, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 277-361.

(48) Abu Asba, Saleh’ (1999), Mass Communication, (first edition), Jordan, Amman: Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution, p. 217.

(49) Al-Mazahra, Manal (2012), Communication Theories, (first edition), Jordan, Amman: Dar Al-Masirah for Printing and Publishing, p. 411.

(50) Abdel Raq, May Mustafa, (2016), The Egyptian public’s request for information on current events from the accounts of news agencies on social networking sites, Al Rai Al Aam Magazine, Cairo University, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 277-361.

(51) Makkawi, El-Sayed, Hassan, Laila (1998), Communication and its Contemporary Theories (first edition), Cairo: The Egyptian Lebanese House, p. 338.

(52) Al-Abdullah Mai (2006), Communication Theories (first edition), Beirut: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, p. 278.

(53) Khalifa, H. K., Badran, S. A., Al-Absy, M. S., & Almaamari, Q. A. (2020). Social Media and Spreading the News of Covid-19 Pandemic in the Arab World. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 11(5), 680-685.‏

(54) Ola, Aisha, (2020), the role of the new media in developing health awareness and combating global health crises, in light of the spread of the Corona virus, a field study, Arab Democratic Center, Journal of Media Studies p.11.

(55) https://www.who.int/ar/emergencies/diseases/novel- coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/q-a-coronaviruses. World Health Organization.