Evaluation of Pulp and Paper Properties Produced from Some Timber Trees Irrigated with Wastewater | ||
| Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Contributors, Volume 68, Issue 1, March 2023, Pages 67-73 PDF (1 M) | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/alexja.2023.298691 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Fatma Mohamed Mohamed Mahmoud Hassan* ; El. Sayed A.E. Kandeel; Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah; Hosny A. Abou Gazia; Khaled T. S. Hassan | ||
| Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study divided into three experiments, the first experiment examined the pulp and paper-related characteristics [wood density, fiber morphological indices (fiber length, Runkel ratio, flexibility coefficient Muhlsteph ratio, and Luce’s shape factor)] and the chemical composition of stemwood and branchwood for two species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Pinus halepensis). The second experiment, evaluated the pulp characteristics (pulp yield, kappa number, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash) and paper properties (beating time, density, bulk density, burst index, tensile index, tear index and opacity at 50ᵒ S.R freeness) produced from stemwood and branchwood of the two-studied species and their mixtures. The third experiment, investigated the influence of four different pulping treatments [kraft as a control (K), surfactant (1 % of PEG-1500) as a pulp additive (KS), pre-hydrolysis with hot water (Pre-K), and pre-hydrolysis with surfactant (Pre-KS)] in a kraft method on the unbleached pulp and paper properties of two selected mixtures PBr-ESt (75:25%) and PBr-Est (25:75%). All the raw materials tested in this study were locally grown in the Egyptian- Chinese friendship forest in El- Sadat City, Egypt. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Pulp and Paper; Timber Trees; Wastewater; stemwood; branchwood | ||
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