Saqūt ibn Muḥammad, Independent Ruler of Ceuta as Viewed Through His Coins (434-471 AH/1042 -1078 AD) Along with Publishing Five New Coins | ||
| Shedet | ||
| Volume 14, Issue 14, January 2025, Pages 383-403 PDF (1.62 M) | ||
| Document Type: research articles | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2024.279172.1241 | ||
| Author | ||
| Nayera Rafik Galal* | ||
| Islamic department, Faculty of Archeology, Cairo University | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study focuses on the coins of the Barghūwāṭī ruler of Ceuta, al-Ḥājib Saqūt ibn Muḥammad, (434-471 AH/1042-1078 AD) to explore his enigmatic personality through his coinage alongside the scattered details recorded in historical sources and relevant references. This study investigates Saqūt’s beliefs, which are a controversial topic in historical narratives. His coins provide compelling evidence to clarify these beliefs, particularly through having the two Shahadas of Islam and the message of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) inscribed. Consequently, his coins challenge claims linking him to the beliefs of Ṣāliḥ ibn Ṭarif and refute associations with Shi’ite ideology. In addition to his coins, multiple historical sources support this suggestion. Despite disagreement among historians, the correct spelling of his name is identified, including a new way of writing his name, numismatists’ misreading of that name and certain unique titles on his coins. This study explains the circumstances surrounding these issues, examining their dates and revising the previously known date range. The paper also discusses the characteristics of these issues and the distinctive titles that appear on them, noting that some titles reflect Andalusian influences while others show Eastern influences. Additionally, it publishes five new pieces preserved in the American Numismatic Society. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Barghawāṭah; Saqūt; Ḥammūdids; Mulūk al-Ṭawāʾif; Copper dirhams | ||
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