ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN TO DEAL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CRISES IN LIGHT OF GREEN TRANSFORMATION PROJECTS A FIELD STUDY IN MANAMA GOVERNORATE, KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN | ||
| Journal of Environmental Science | ||
| Volume 54, Issue 2, February 2025, Pages 332-353 PDF (539.95 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jes.2025.332754.1896 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Bedour Q. Harb* 1; Mustafa I. Awad* 1; Shaimaa Badr* 1; Dina A. Abdullah* 2 | ||
| 1Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University | ||
| 2University of Bahrain | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The study aimed to identify the dimensions of economic empowerment of Bahraini women and the obstacles they face. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and the study relied on the standardized personal interview with female entrepreneurs through the application of a questionnaire form. The results reached: The economic empowerment of Bahraini women is based on the principle of developing their personal capabilities, achieving justice and legal equality, and helping and dealing with them according to their available resources. The mechanisms were represented in increasing economic opportunities by expanding the fields of job opportunities for women, raising the percentage of their contribution to decision-making positions and drawing economic policies. Among the levels of economic empowerment of women: their access to resources, financing and services, their equal participation with men in all development projects. Among the indicators that measure women's economic empowerment: increasing activities and projects that increase their income, gender equality in wages and salaries, and increasing their opportunities to obtain loans and credit facilities. Among the obstacles facing women's economic empowerment: the presence of some societal legacies that reduce their participation in development, the lack of training courses provided to working women to raise their efficiency, and the weakness of women's economic awareness. Therefore, the study recommends that development funds and national banks expand the financing of small and micro projects for women, with the need to focus on training this category of women on methods of managing and establishing these projects, and methods of marketing products. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Women's empowerment; environmental crises; green transformation projects | ||
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