Parasitological, histopathological and immunological assessment of Eugenia caryophyllata aqueous extract alone and combined with Spiramycin© against chronic toxoplasmosis in murine model | ||
| Parasitologists United Journal | ||
| Article 3, Volume 17, Issue 3, December 2024, Pages 165-174 PDF (1.33 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/puj.2024.316097.1266 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Dalia Shafey1; Sahar Selim1; Soraya Sharaf1; Marwa Gouda1; Hebatallah Sallam* 2; Dina Sweed3; Dalia Slima4; Sawsan Shendi5 | ||
| 1Departments of Clinical and Molecular Parasitology , National Liver Institute, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt. | ||
| 2Departments of Clinical and Molecular Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt. | ||
| 3Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Menoufia, Egypt. | ||
| 4Departments of Ecology , National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt. | ||
| 5Departments of Clinical and Molecular Parasitology , National Liver Institute, Menoufia University,Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Nowadays, interest in the use of herbs for medical purposes is increasing. The most frequently used chemotherapeutics for treating chronic toxoplasmosis showed a variety of side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to discover new alternative therapy from natural products. Objective: To evaluate the in vivo effect of Eugenia caryophyllata aqueous extract alone or combined with Spiramycin© against chronic toxoplasmosis. Material and Methods: The study utilized 50 mice, equally divided into five groups. They included the normal control group (GI), infected control group (GII), Spiramycin©-treated group (GIII), E. caryophyllatatreated group (GIV), and Spiramycin© combined with E. caryophyllata treated group (GV). Treatment started six weeks after the infection and continued for 15 d. Parameters used for evaluation included parasitological, and histopathological assessments. As well, an immunohistochemical study was conducted to measure expression levels of tumor growth factor-β (TGFβ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT-1). Interleukins 10 and 12 (IL- 10, IL-12), and liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were also measured. Results: Brain cyst counts significantly decreased in all treated groups. Combined treatment was better than Spiramycin© alone. Mice receiving E. caryophyllata alone or combined with Spiramycin© showed improvement in the histopathological changes in all examined tissues, with decreased expression levels of TGFβ, iNOS, and pSTAT-1. Additionally, there was an increase in IL-12 level in the combined treatment group, and a decrease in the IL-10 level. Moreover, combined treatment reduced the high levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST). Conclusion: E. caryophyllata extract exhibited promising potential in vivo activity against chronic toxoplasmosis. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| chronic toxoplasmosis, clove, cytokines, iNOS, mice, natural products, pSTAT-1, TGFβ; treatment | ||
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