Ginkgo biloba: A review on its phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities | ||
| Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 March 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.331723.1202 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Shaimaa Gamal1; Nehal Ibrahim2; Ahmed Ashour3; Iriny M Ayoub* 4 | ||
| 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt. | ||
| 2Pharmacognosy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt | ||
| 4Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Ginkgo biloba L. is a valuable plant that has existed for 2,000 years and is considered a "living fossil". It is one of the world's most popular medicinal plants. Its native habitat is China, Japan, and Korea. Numerous secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, polyphenols, and allyl phenols have been identified in G. biloba. However, it is believed that terpene trilactones and flavonoids are the main bioactive ingredients. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract is recognized as the most commonly sold phytomedicine in Europe. G. biloba extract is used to treat the symptoms of peripheral claudication, vascular dementia, early-stage Alzheimer's disease, and tinnitus of vascular origin. Additionally, G. biloba leaf extract is used to prevent and/or cure cardiovascular disorders, and numerous substances produced from Ginkgo are presently undergoing preclinical and clinical trials across the globe. The structures and bioactivities of the bioactive chemicals are thoroughly described in this paper, along with an overview of the pharmacological significance of the Ginkgo biloba plant. Our goal is to offer a crucial point of reference for all researchers studying chemicals linked to Ginkgo for therapeutic uses. As the necessity of creating new methods for obtaining the distinctive chemicals from G. biloba has been highly recommended as it is challenging to satisfy the enormous demand of the global market because the content and purity of the active compounds extracted by conventional procedures are often low and susceptible to changing environmental variables. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| G. biloba; secondary metabolites; Ginkgolides, terpene lactones; biological activities | ||
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