MANAGEMENT OF Meloidogyne incognita ON TOMATO BY FOLIAR SPRAYING AMMONIA OR ADDING OLD FARMYARD MANURE, OR Bacillus thuringiensis AS SOIL AMENDMENTS UNDER WIREHOUSE CONDITIONS. | ||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||
| Article 5, Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2013, Pages 1639-1659 PDF (768.4 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2013.74485 | ||
| Authors | ||
| T. M. El-Gazar1; A. G. El-Sherif2; F. E. El-Adel3; Rania M. Alhussieny3 | ||
| 1Vegetable and Flori Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt. | ||
| 2Nematology Research Unit, Agric. Zoology Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt. | ||
| 3Plant Protection Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Wire house experiment was conducted to study the impact of three components i.e. protecto, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), farmyard manure (FYM) and ammonia at two levels of application each as 0.9& 1.8 g, 42& 63 g; and 30& 60 ml/plant separately where the first two components applied as soil amendments whilst the third one as foliar spraying comparing to oxamyl at the recommended dose on controlling M. incognita infecting tomato cv. 888 or not and plant growth as well under greenhouse conditions during spring seasons of 2011& 2012. Results showed that all tested treatments ameliorated plant growth criteria of the infected and uninfected ones comparing to the checks. Moreover, as the level of farmyard manure and ammonia raised from 42 to 63 g for the former and from 30 to 60 ml/plant separately for the latter as tomato plant height, total plant fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaves dry matter, total yield of tomato fruit, diameter and number percentage increase values increased for both plant cases of seasons 2011& 2012, respectively comparing to the checks. However, opposite results were recorded within treatment of protecto (Bt) levels. Among the three components with two levels each tested, ammonia at 60 ml/plant as foliar spraying application accomplished the highest percentage increase values that averaged 89.92& 70.2%, 68.9% &59.53%; and 89.7& 75.3%, 75.34& 65.9%; 59.4& 61.1%; 71.1& 51.2%; and 128.9& 132.8%, 90.3& 101.6%; and 90.4& 97.26% for plant height, total plant fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaves dry matter, total yield tomato fruit, diameter and number for the uninfected plants of two tested seasons 2011& 2012, respectively. Similar trend was observed with the infected plants, where ammonia at 60 ml/plant also surpassed other tested treatments with values that were amounted to 70.68 and 65.44%; 84.0& 75.25%, 124.2& 119.7%; 70.7& 118.4%; 83.8& 62.8%; for the same tomato plant growth characters, respectively comparing to nematode alone for the two seasons 2011& 2012. However, plant receiving protecto (Bt) at the high level (1.8 g/plant) recorded the least values of plant height, total plant fresh weight; shoot dry weight, leaves dry matter, total yield of tomato fruit, and diameter, number, respectively for seasons 2011& 2012 of the infected and uninfected plants. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| control; Meloidogyne incognita protecto; Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.); farmyard manure (FYM); ammonia; Tomato; Oxamyl | ||
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